CANADIAN DIAMONDS
Diamond Formation
Somewhere between 900 million and 3.2 billion years ago, diamonds were formed 150 - 200 kilometres below the earth’s surface under extreme pressure and high temperatures. These perfect conditions caused carbon atoms that were free floating in the magma of the earth’s upper mantle to crystalize into diamonds. Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions brought these crystalized diamonds to the surface in igneous rocks called – kimberlites.
Generally these volcanic eruptions of kimberlite create a cone shaped formation that may result in a pipe that is potentially a commercial diamond mine.
In Canada the volcanic cones were subsequently scoured by moving glaciers of 1,000 metres very thick ice. The receding glaciers deposited the diamonds and the associated indicator minerals all across the northern portion of North America and in some cases landing more than 500 km from their host kimberlite pipes. Geologists prospect for new kimberlite pipes by looking for concentrations of indicator minerals, such as a type of garnet, olivine, ilmenites and diopside that are also formed in the earth’s upper mantle and also found in kimberlite.
The diamonds mined in Canada were brought to the surface 45-60 million years ago. The discovery of diamonds in Canada represents an unprecedented feat of geological exploration and perseverance.
